When choosing a suitable pipe diameter for a project, an optimal solution can be chosen from a cost comparison of the total cost of the different alternatives over the life cycle of civil infrastructure $(20-50$ years$).$ The Total cost $=$ Capital Cost $+$ Operation and Maintenance cost. For pipe$-$based projects which of the following is true? $($more than one is correct$)$

Question $8$Answer

a$.$

Energy cost decreases with an increase in the pipe diameter for a constant flow rate

b$.$

Capital cost is not influenced by the pipe diameter

c$.$

Total cost increases with an increase in the pipe diameter

d$.$

Energy cost increases with an increase in the pipe diameter for a constant flow rate

e$.$

Total cost can increase or decrease with an increase in the pipe diameter size.

f$.$

Total cost decreases with a decrease in the pipe diameter size

g$.$

Capital cost decreases with an increase in the pipe diameter size

h$.$

Capital cost increases with an increase in the pipe diameter