When companies engage in value-creating activities, they do so by

a) focusing on exploiting a company's best-executed operating strategy.

b) concentrating on efficient performance of the company's primary value chain activities.

c) concentrating on minimizing the costs associated with the design of a product or service

d) drawing on specific company resources and capabilities that underlie and enable the activity.

e) focusing on working with forward-channel allies to develop capabilities to outmatch the capabilities of rivals