When considering geotechnical engineering principles in foundation design, which factor is most crucial in determining the appropriate type of foundation for a structure? A$)$ Soil composition and characteristics, including bearing capacity, permeability, and compressibility, play a significant role in selecting the optimal foundation type to ensure long$-$term structural stability. B$)$ Environmental factors, such as proximity to water bodies, seismic activity, and climate conditions, influence the choice between shallow and deep foundations to mitigate risks related to erosion, liquefaction, and differential settlement. C$)$ Structural requirements and loads, including building height, weight, and anticipated usage, dictate whether shallow or deep foundations are more suitable to distribute loads efficiently and prevent excessive settlement or structural failure. D$)$ Economic considerations, such as construction costs, time constraints, and availability of materials and equipment, often drive the decision$-$making process when determining the most cost$-$effective foundation solution for a given project. E$)$ Regulatory requirements and local building codes mandate specific foundation types based on regional geological conditions, seismic zoning, and environmental conservation measures to ensure compliance with safety standards and minimize environmental impact.