When creating my selected response items, I tried to focus on the degree of validity multiple choice questions can provide if constructed properly. When creating my questions or stems, I discarded any irrelevant material that could possibly decrease the "reliability and the validity of the test scores (Haldyna and Downing 1989)." My questions are straight-forward and don't include unrelated information. I did not use any questions that contain negative phrasing such as a question like, "Which of the following is not true about Haikus?". I avoided negative phrasing completely because I did not want to confuse my students with the wording of the question, "students often have difficulty understanding items with negative phrasing (Rodriguez 1997)." The answer choices I provided are all plausible. I wanted my answer choices to be logical and not "stand out" as an obvious incorrect option. If I chose to create my test with implausible alternatives, I would have decreased validity as students would have an increased chance of answering the correct question due to eliminating the nonsense choices. My test allows me to see what students achieved the learning outcome as they'll ignore the incorrect alternatives. reword this for me