When faced with an employee performance problem, managers tend to experience two primary emotions: anxiety and anger; anxiety, because the situation often leads to conflict, and anger because the manager realizes, "I did not create this problem. The employee did." No matter how well an attendance policy is written, there are those who will abuse it or push the limits$.\_\_\_\_\_$ theory can be used to acknowledge positive behavior with rewards and encourage others to improve their sub$-$par performance.

Scientific management

Goal$-$setting

Reinforcement

Equity

Expectancy

Question $18$