1. When ONLY total costs (TC) are known, explain how to calculate each of the following:
   1. Fixed Costs (FC)
   2. Variable Costs (VC)
   3. Average Variable Costs (AVC)
   4. Average Total Costs (ATC)
   5. Average Fixed Costs (AFC)
   6. Marginal Costs (MC)
2. Table 1 shows the hourly production and total cost estimates for a new manufacturing firm wishing to enter the smartphone market. Fill in the blank cells in columns a., b., c., d., and e. on the table by computing the appropriate values.

   Table 1

   Smart cell phones produced in an hour	Total Cost (TC)	Variable Costs (VC) (2 points) a.	Average Variable Costs (AVC) (2 points) b.	Average Total Costs (ATC) (2 points) c.	Average Fixed Cost (AFC) (2 points) d.	Marginal Cost (MC) (3 points) e.
   0	$3,200		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
   15	$3,525
   30	$3,875
   45	$4,250
   60	$4,650
   75	$5,075
   90	$5,525
   105	$6,725
   120	$8,210
   135	$9,950

3. Based on your calculations in completing the table in Question 2, what is this manufacturers minimum cost output level? Explain your answer.
4. According to textbook page 334, when one additional unit is produced, two factors directly impact the change in average total costs, the Spreading effect and the Diminishing Returns effect. In the following two situations, explain how the factors of the Spreading effect and the Diminishing Returns effect cause the average total cost to be different.
   1. Production of the 10th gizmo resulted in an average total cost (ATC) of $20, but production of the 11th gizmo resulted in an average total cost of $22.
   2. Production of the 10th gizmo resulted in an average total cost (ATC) of $20, but production of the 11th gizmo resulted in an average total cost of $18.