When Tonya attends a business conference presentation about the software as a service $($SaaS$)$ distribution model, she learns that

a$.$ Saas applications are secure because they can only be accessed using organization$-$owned devices

b$.$ users of Saas applications never have to download or install patches to keep them up to date

c$.$ Saas application upgrades are usually more expensive than those for traditional software licenses

d$.$ SaaS subscribers must actively adjust their hardware and communications capacities as needed