Question: When top managers use management by dictate to set numeric goals for lower managers to achieve, behaviors and results that may occur are: a .

When top managers use "management by dictate" to set numeric goals for lower managers to achieve, behaviors and results that may occur are:
a. Both a and b may occur.
b. Neither a nor b may occur
c. Lower management may distort the data and/or distort the system, leading to false results and poor strategic decision-making based on those results.
d. Lower management may achieve the goal, leading to continued management by dictate policies.
When top managers use "management by dictate" to set numeric goals

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