Question: When we calculate xor ( S , K ) , it equals xor ( S , K ) , so the input to the S

When we calculate xor(S,K), it equals xor(S,K), so the input to the S-boxes and the rearrangement remains the same. After the modified output is xored with the other half of S, we get C for that round of DES, and this process repeats for all 16 rounds. We can observe that the input to the S-boxes is determined by the XOR operation between the key and the plaintext. Since XOR operation is commutative and associative, changing all the 1s to 0s and all the 0s to 1s in both the key and the plaintext will result in the same input to the S-boxes. Therefore, if the original key encrypts the original plaintext to the original ciphertext, then the complementary key will encrypt the complementary plaintext to the complementary ciphertext in DES encryption.

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