When we combine information processing with the formalist's motto, we claim

Question $8$Answer

a$.$

Information processes are blind to what symbols represent, but can still perform meaningful computations

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b$.$

Information processes can perform meaningful computations by paying attention to the semantics of symbols

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c$.$

Information processes work by understanding both the syntax and the semantics of complex tokens

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d$.$

Information processes cannot perform meaningful computations because, being formal, they do not understand semantics