Where PV represents the present value of a future value FV, N time periods from now, at an interest rate of 1. The process of calculating a present value from a future value (as well as the interest rate and periods) is referred to as discounting. The process of discounting is essentially the reverse of compounding (whereby you compute a future value from a present value). As is the case with compounding, discounting can be done via a step-by-step approach, a formula approach, using spreadsheet software (such as excel), and using a financial calculator. In the next stage of this problem, you will use a financial calculator to calculate present values in different scenarios. According to the formula for calculating present values, an increase in the future value amount will else equal). Step 2: Learn: Present Value for Various Discounting Periods decrease increase the present value amount (all