Which graph was the most misleading? Be sure to reference the section that contains the graph (for example, graph 4.6).

• I believe graph 4.5 was the most misleading because we all know the fact that a pie chart is the easiest visual presentation to showcase the data since most people know how to classify which piece is bigger and which are not. Because the sizes of each piece do not justify the proportions of the data, then it can mislead people especially when the data label was not present. How come the size of 6% is bigger than 8%

Do you think this graphical error was intentional? What reasons do you think contributed to this misleading statistic?

• I think it is intentionally for the sake of visuals. The artist must think about how to present it in a beautiful way not in the right way so it leads to this bias and misleading look. The major reason why it can mislead people is that the size of each piece does not correspond to the inserted data labeled. We can see that the size of 6% is larger than 8% which is very alarming.

Would another method be more suitable to represent this data? How would you represent this data accurately?

• Yes. We can present this using a bar chart in which arrange from the largest proportion to the lowest to showcase the downtrend of the data. With that being said, we can make more interpretations from the data rather than using a misleading pie chart.

Reference

Schwarz, C. (n.d.).A short tour of bad graphs. https://alg.manifoldapp.org/api/proxy/ingestion_sources/339ee58b-7d40-4bc2-aa1d-0061aa89bf09

Regarding the segments in the pie you mentioned, the author claims thatpie charts should never be used. Do you agree? If so, how can pie charts be misleading??