Which of the following correctly describes the difference between null$-$type and deflection$-$type measuring

instruments, along with an example of each?

a$.$ Deflection$-$type instruments require high accuracy of adjusters like weights, while null$-$type instruments

rely on the spring's linearity for measurement. Example: Deflection$-$type$-$Balance weight scale, Null$-$type

$-$Spring balance.

b$.$ Deflection$-$type instruments provide an output in the form of a deflection of a pointer or a numerical

display, while null$-$type instruments require adjustment until a datum level is reached. Example:

Deflection$-$type$-$Balance weight scale, Null$-$type$-$Spring balance.

c$.$ Deflection$-$type instruments require adjustment until a datum level is reached, while null$-$type instruments

give an output in the form of a pointer deflection or a numerical display. Example: Deflection$-$type$-$Dead

weight pressure gauge, Null$-$type$-$Spring balance.

d$.$ Deflection$-$type instruments give an output measurement in the form of a deflection of a pointer or a

numerical display, while null$-$type instruments require adjustment until a datum level is reached. Example:

Deflection$-$type$-$Spring balance, Null$-$type$-$Dead weight pressure gauge.