Which of the following is a basic principle when estimating a project's cash flows? Cash flows should be measured on a pretax basis accounting for the risk of individual projects Cash flows should ignore depreciation because it is a noncash charge Only direct effects of a project should be included in cash flow calculations Cash flows should be measured on an incremental basis D 4. In estimating the net investment, an outlay that has already been made is known as a(n) . Sunk cost Cash outflow Opportunity cost Expansion cost