Which situation may involve disparate impact?

Multiple Choice

Carly, an HR employee at a university, is putting together a job listing for an open faculty position. Her listing specifies that interested applicants must have a doctoral degree.

Jenna wants to be a firefighter. Both men and women are encouraged to apply, but Jenna discovers they have a minimum height requirement of $5^{\text{'}}9\text{'}.$ She is $5^{\text{'}}{5}^{\text{'}\text{'}}.$

Axel is reviewing applications for an open position at his company. One step in the hiring process requires him to investigate conviction records for all job applicants.

Mandy's coworker, David, is up for a promotion. Both were hired at the same time for the same mid$-$level sales position, and both have the same level of education. However, David consistently seeks to take on additional responsibilities, while Mandy barely turns her own work in on time.

Larry is not permitted to train on a new agriculture machine because he has not yet completed his company's mandatory workplace safety training course.