Which situation would indicate that a manager failed to apply the basic concepts of expectancy theory?

Multiple Choice

Employees are unwilling to work toward achieving an important goal because they believe the reward offered is not sufficient to justify the effort.

Some of the organization's employees reduce their effort because their working conditions change.

Employees are frustrated because they have no say in their organization's goals and objectives.

Employees are confused and frustrated because managers do not provide them with adequate feedback about their job performance.