Which statement is true concerning IFRS and U$.$S$.$ GAAP reporting for credit losses on held$-$to$-$maturity debt investments?

Select one:

a$.$

Both IFRS and U$.$S$.$ GAAP require estimation of credit losses for the life of the investment.

b$.$

U$.$S$.$ GAAP requires credit losses to be estimated over the next $12$ months unless$$credit quality is significantly deteriorated.

c$.$

IFRS requires credit losses to be reported in other comprehensive income, while U$.$S$.$ GAAP requires that they be reported in income.

d$.$

IFRS requires credit losses to be estimated over the next $12$ months unless credit$$quality is significantly deteriorated.