Question: Which study features are necessary to demonstrate causality? MULTIPLE RESPONSE ITEM a. The cause must occur prior to the effect b. Use of within subjects

Which study features are necessary to demonstrate causality? MULTIPLE RESPONSE ITEM a. The cause must occur prior to the effect b. Use of within subjects research population c. A heterogeneous study population d. There must be a statistically significant association between the independent and dependent variables e. No confounding variables that could explain the effect

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