While discussing data validation methods in class, I specifically noted that one method was generally implemented within the design of the application database$($s$).$ Which of the following data validation methods is this?

Pattern check

Cross$-$field validation

Checksum validation

Range check

Consistency check

Batch ID check

Values based check

Referential Integrity check

Presence check

Type check

Length check

Uniqueness check

Format check

Metadata check