While diversity in the workforce has benefits, __________ and __________ can increase work team conflict, inhibit team cooperation, and harm performance.

personality differences; spiritual beliefs

favoritism; ethical differences

education; discrimination

demographic differences; cultural differences

Turning a variable into something that is measurable is called:

external validity.

relevance.

operationalization.

objectivity.

Obtrusive observation is a method for measuring research variables in which subjects are:

unaware that they are being observed.

aware that they are being observed.

unconcerned about being observed.

none of the above

Research on job analysis techniques has shown that:

functional job analysis, the critical incidents technique, and the PAQ are all reasonably effective.

the PAQ is more limited in the amount of information it provides.

the PAQ is more cost-effective and easier to use than functional job analysis or critical

All of the above

One way to avoid overselling a particular job or the organization is to:

conduct half-day interviews with job candidates.

only hire candidates who are friends and relatives of other employees.

have recruiters give candidates a "worst possible case" scenario when they discuss the job and the company.

have recruiters use "realistic job previews."

The multiple regression model for employee selection:

is a compensatory type of model.

combines scores on two or more predictors.

is a statistically-based model.

All of the above

To be useful, a performance criterion should be:

relatively easy and cost-effective to measure.

seen as relevant by the appraiser and by the employee.

seen as relevant by the management of the organization.

All of the above

Meta-analyses have indicated that job satisfaction and job performance:

are strongly positively related to each other.

are moderately positively related to each other.

are moderately negatively related to each other.

show no relationship to each other.

When false rumors occur in organizations, the best strategy may be to:

provide accurate information through the grapevine.

provide accurate information through formal channels of communication.

provide accurate information through the grapevine and through formal channels.

pinpoint the source of the rumors and reorganize the communication network.

According to the path-goal theory, a leader is:

focused primarily on work outcomes.

a guide.

focused primarily on interpersonal relationships.

a decision maker.