Question: While parental involvement has a well-documented general impact on academic success, recent studies have begun to explore whether its effects vary by academic subject. The

While parental involvement has a well-documented general impact on academic success, recent studies have begun to explore whether its effects vary by academic subject. The evidence suggests that certain types of parental support are more effective in particular domains, especially in subjects like mathematics, which often require sustained practice and problem-solving. Wang and Wei's (2024) meta-analysis focused specifically on the relationship between parental involvement and math achievement among middle school students. Drawing from a large pool of recent studies, the authors found that home-based involvementparticularly when parents encouraged math-related activities outside of schoolwas more strongly associated with higher math performance than school-based participation. Furthermore, the study highlighted the importance of parental expectations and academic encouragement as consistent predictors of success, particularly in East Asian and North American contexts. Interestingly, parental help with homework had a weaker or even negative effect when it was controlling or excessive, reinforcing the idea that support must be developmentally appropriate and autonomy-supportive to be effective. While math outcomes have been a central focus, other subject areas are less commonly addressed in the literature. For example, although Chen et al. (2024) found that parental involvement promoted general academic engagement, their study did not isolate specific subjects such as langua

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