While reading some code that defines a class, you recognize a method called addIwoNumbers $()$ as a static method because it $\_$

$$ a$.$ requires an object to exist before it can be called

$$ b$.$ does not have a keyword defining it as nonstatic, and methods are static by default

$$ c$.$ receives a this reference as an implicit parameter

$$ d$.$ acts in exactly the same way for every object of its class