Question: Why are G ' values not rigorously applicable to biochemical systems in cells? Living cells are not at equilibrium, and the application of G values

Why are G' values not rigorously applicable to biochemical systems in cells?
Living cells are not at equilibrium, and the application of G values are not straightforward to apply.
The concentrations of all reactants and products are not always known.
The pH of various cellular compartments is not always known.
Cellular reactions are coupled to extracellular reactions.
All of the Above
None of the Above

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