Why are single nucleotide polymorphisms $($SNPs$)$ specifically important to

antibiotic resistance?

a$.$ They can cause target site modifications in antibiotic binding sites

b$.$ They can result in changes to gene expression. For example, a SNP could

result in increased expression of efflux pumps or decreased expression of

porins that allow antibiotics to enter the cell.

c$.$ They might involving bring in entirely new genes through conjugation and

transformation, such as antibiotic$-$modifying enzymes.

d$.$ A and B

e$.$ A$,$ B$,$ and C