Wilkins et al's. (1998) study contributed directly to the implementation of sentencing guidelines in 23 states, in the District of Columbia, and in the federal courts. True False reference: Sentencing Guidelines: Can a Sentencing Scheme Be Developed to Reduce Inequities in Prison Sentences? Wilkins, L., J. Kress, D. Gottfredson, J. Calpin, and A. Gelman (1978). Sentencing Guidelines: Structuring Judicial Discretion. Washington, DC: National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, US Department of Justice