WILL GIVE A THUMBS UP IF ANSWER BOTH WITH THOUGHT AND EFFORT!!

a$)$ Explain in detail how to address the problem of overfitting

b$)$ Learning$-$Decision$-$Tree algorithm in Figure below uses Importance

function that chooses the attribute with the highest importance.

How can we measure importance? Explain in detail

The decision tree learning algorithm. The function IMPORTANCE is described in Section $19\mathrm{.}3\mathrm{.}3.$ The

function PLURALITY$-$VALUE selects the most common output value among a set of examples, breaking ties

randomly.