With n processes in memory at once, the probability that all n processes are waiting for I/O (in which case the CPU will be idle) is p^n, where n is the number of processes (or the degree of multiprogramming), and p is the fraction of time that a process spends waiting for I/O to complete. If we assume this probability, then it follows that CPU utilization = 1 - p^n. a. If a multiprogrammed system has 6 degrees of multiprogramming (i.e. six programs in memory), and each process spends 40% of its time waiting for I/O (0.4 ratio), what will be the CPU utilization? b. If we have 14 programs in memory and the goal is to insure 97% CPU utilization, what is the maximum I/O wait percentage/ratio that can be tolerated?