Write a research assignment with references that compares and contrasts the intent behind hacking and penetration testing within cybersecurity. The research should explore both activities' motivations, methodologies, and ethical considerations by analyzing real$-$world examples, legal frameworks, and industry best practices. This assignment aims to clearly understand the distinctions between hacking and penetration testing, highlighting their purposes, ethical boundaries, and their implications on information security. Through this exploration, the assignment seeks to contribute to a comprehensive comprehension of these two activities in the realm of cybersecurity.