write a short essay explaining the differences you find between the profit margins and why you think the profit margins differ for the following companies:

Apple Inc.

• Total Revenue: $383,285 million
• Gross Profit: $169,148 million
• Operating Income: $114,301 million
• Net Income: $96,995 million

1. Gross Profit Margin= (169,148 / 383,285) x 100 44.13%
2. Operating Profit Margin= (114,301 / 383,285) x 100 29.82%
3. Net Profit Margin= (96,995 / 383,285) x 100 25.31%

Kroger Co.

• Total Revenue: $148,258 million
• Gross Profit: $148,258 - $116,480 = $31,778 million
• Operating Income: $4,126 million
• Net Income: $2,244 million

1. Gross Profit Margin= (31,778 / 148,258) x 100 21.43%
2. Operating Profit Margin= (4,126 / 148,258) x 100 2.78%
3. Net Profit Margin= (2,244 / 148,258) x 100 1.51%

Pfizer Inc.

• Total Revenue: $58,496 million
• Gross Profit: $58,496 - $24,954 = $33,542 million
• Operating Income: $1,058 million
• Net Income: $2,119 million

1. Gross Profit Margin= (33,542 / 58,496) x 100 57.34%
2. Operating Profit Margin= (1,058 / 58,496) x 100 1.81%
3. Net Profit Margin= (2,119 / 58,496) x 100 3.62%

Tesla, Inc.

• Total Revenue: $94,956 million
• Gross Profit: $17,400 million
• Operating Income: $8,591 million
• Net Income: $8,922 million

1. Gross Profit Margin= (17,400 / 94,956) x 100 18.32%
2. Operating Profit Margin= (8,591 / 94,956) x 100 9.05%
3. Net Profit Margin= (8,922 / 94,956) x 100 9.40%