Write formally correct defect incorporation reactions and the corresponding mass action equilibrium constants for the following....
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Write formally correct defect incorporation reactions and the corresponding mass action equilibrium constants for the following. Refer to the table of ionic radii (Table 1.2) for guidance. If you think more than one incorporation mecha- nism is possible, briefly discuss why and show the different possibilities. (i) Solid solution of CaCl, in NaCl. (ii) Solid solution of CaO in ZrO,. (iii) Reduction of ZrO,. (iv) Solid solution of SrTiO, in BaTiO,. Table 1.2 Ionic Crystal Radii (nm) Coordination Number = 6 Ag! 0.115 AP+ 0.054 Au 0.137 As B Ba Be Bi Bi Br Ca 0.100 0.046 0.027 0.135 0.045 0.103 0.076 0.196 0.016 0.095 Ce* Cơ Co Cs Cr 0.080 Cr Cr Cu 0.077 Cu Cu Dy 0.091 Er 0.087 0.181 0.075 0.055 0.062 0.055 0.167 0.073 0.054 0.089 Eu Fe Fe Ga 0.062 Gd 0.094 Ge* Hg 0.102 K 0.138 H Ho 0.090 In 0.095 0.133 0.078 0.065 0.053 0.071 0.220 0.080 La Li 0.076 Mg 0.072 Mn Mn* Mo Mo Mo N Na Nb Nd Ni 0.103 0.083 0.053 0.069 0.065 0.059 0.013 0.102 0.064 0.098 0.069 Ni 0.056 OH Pb 0.119 Pb Rb Ru* Sb Sc 0.075 Sb 0.140 0.137 0.038 0.078 0.152 0.062 0.184 0.029 0.076 0.060 Se Si 0.040 Se Sm 0.096 Snt 0.069 Sr Ta Te Te Th 0.094 TP 0.086 TiP Tit 0.198 0.042 0.118 0.064 0.221 0.056 0.067 0.061 TI V Yb Zn 0.074 0.150 0.089 0.089 0.076 0.073 0.079 0.054 0.066 0.060 0.090 0.087 0.072 Continued Coordination Number = 4 Agl 0.100 AP+ As B Be 0.027 C Co 0.058 0.039 0.034 0.011 Cr Cul Cu F- Fe 0.015 0.078 0.041 0.060 0.057 0.131 0.063 Fe Ga 0.047 Hg- 0.096 Ge In 0.062 Li Mg 0.057 Mn Mn Na- Nb 0.048 0.049 Ni 0.055 0.039 0.059 0.066 0.039 0.099 0.138 OH Pb Se Sn Sit Tit Zn 0.060 0.135 0.017 0.098 0.012 0.028 0.055 0.026 0.042 0.036 0.042 Coordination Number 8 Coordination Number = 12 Bi Ce 0.097 Ca Ba Dy 0.103 Gd Hf* Ba 0.161 Ca 0.134 0.117 0.112 0.142 0.105 La Pb 0.083 0.136 0.149 Ho 0.102 In Nal Nd 0.111 Pb Rb Sr 0.092 0.118 0.142 0.129 0.161 0.144 Sr Th Y 0.102 Source: R. D. Shannon, Acta Crystallographica, A32, 751 (1976). 0.126 0.105 0.100 0.084 Write formally correct defect incorporation reactions and the corresponding mass action equilibrium constants for the following. Refer to the table of ionic radii (Table 1.2) for guidance. If you think more than one incorporation mecha- nism is possible, briefly discuss why and show the different possibilities. (i) Solid solution of CaCl, in NaCl. (ii) Solid solution of CaO in ZrO,. (iii) Reduction of ZrO,. (iv) Solid solution of SrTiO, in BaTiO,. Table 1.2 Ionic Crystal Radii (nm) Coordination Number = 6 Ag! 0.115 AP+ 0.054 Au 0.137 As B Ba Be Bi Bi Br Ca 0.100 0.046 0.027 0.135 0.045 0.103 0.076 0.196 0.016 0.095 Ce* Cơ Co Cs Cr 0.080 Cr Cr Cu 0.077 Cu Cu Dy 0.091 Er 0.087 0.181 0.075 0.055 0.062 0.055 0.167 0.073 0.054 0.089 Eu Fe Fe Ga 0.062 Gd 0.094 Ge* Hg 0.102 K 0.138 H Ho 0.090 In 0.095 0.133 0.078 0.065 0.053 0.071 0.220 0.080 La Li 0.076 Mg 0.072 Mn Mn* Mo Mo Mo N Na Nb Nd Ni 0.103 0.083 0.053 0.069 0.065 0.059 0.013 0.102 0.064 0.098 0.069 Ni 0.056 OH Pb 0.119 Pb Rb Ru* Sb Sc 0.075 Sb 0.140 0.137 0.038 0.078 0.152 0.062 0.184 0.029 0.076 0.060 Se Si 0.040 Se Sm 0.096 Snt 0.069 Sr Ta Te Te Th 0.094 TP 0.086 TiP Tit 0.198 0.042 0.118 0.064 0.221 0.056 0.067 0.061 TI V Yb Zn 0.074 0.150 0.089 0.089 0.076 0.073 0.079 0.054 0.066 0.060 0.090 0.087 0.072 Continued Coordination Number = 4 Agl 0.100 AP+ As B Be 0.027 C Co 0.058 0.039 0.034 0.011 Cr Cul Cu F- Fe 0.015 0.078 0.041 0.060 0.057 0.131 0.063 Fe Ga 0.047 Hg- 0.096 Ge In 0.062 Li Mg 0.057 Mn Mn Na- Nb 0.048 0.049 Ni 0.055 0.039 0.059 0.066 0.039 0.099 0.138 OH Pb Se Sn Sit Tit Zn 0.060 0.135 0.017 0.098 0.012 0.028 0.055 0.026 0.042 0.036 0.042 Coordination Number 8 Coordination Number = 12 Bi Ce 0.097 Ca Ba Dy 0.103 Gd Hf* Ba 0.161 Ca 0.134 0.117 0.112 0.142 0.105 La Pb 0.083 0.136 0.149 Ho 0.102 In Nal Nd 0.111 Pb Rb Sr 0.092 0.118 0.142 0.129 0.161 0.144 Sr Th Y 0.102 Source: R. D. Shannon, Acta Crystallographica, A32, 751 (1976). 0.126 0.105 0.100 0.084
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