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For this discussion I decided to go with Monkeypox. It is an emerging infectious disease caused by the Monkeypox virus, part of the Orthopoxvirus family, and it is closely related to smallpox $($WHO$,2024).$ It was first seen in humans in $1970$ in Central Africa but has re$-$emerged globally, with outbreaks outside Africa in $2022($World Health Organization, $2024).$

Symptoms include fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, and a characteristic rash.

Transmission occurs through contact with infected animals, human$-$to$-$human contact through respiratory droplets, bodily fluids, lesions, or contaminated objects $($World Health Organization, $2024).$ Reasons behind the recent rise of monkeypox is due to an increase in global travel, the trade of animals, human behaviors, and the lack of immunity from the smallpox vaccine, which was stopped after smallpox was eradicated $($WHO$,2024).$

As an epidemiologist, controlling monkeypox involves:

Monitoring and tracking cases and contacts.

Isolating infected individuals to prevent spreading the disease.

Educating the public on how to prevent the disease.

Vaccinating people with the smallpox vaccine, which can provide some protection.

Biotechnology plays a key role by helping with quick diagnosis and supporting the development of vaccines and antiviral treatments $($WHO$,2024).$ The ACAM$2000$ smallpox vaccine can protect against monkeypox, and new vaccines for monkeypox are being researched. Tecovirimat $($TPOXX$)$ is an antiviral medication being studied for treatment $($WHO$,2024).$

Common treatments include supportive care like staying hydrated and managing fever, as well as vaccinating people who have been exposed. While there isn$$t a specific antiviral cure yet, ongoing research and biotechnology offer promising solutions to help manage the disease and prevent it from spreading further $($WHO$,2024).$