Write out the results for abstract: While only externally applied forces cause accelerations of the body's center of mass, internally applied forces (muscle forces) are what we use to change the orientation of body segments. Muscle forces, in particular, cause rotation of a joint by creating a torque about that joint. The torque (T) applied depends on the magnitude of the muscle force (F), and the perpendicular distance (MA) of the muscle force from the joint's axis of rotation. When a clinician tests a muscle group's strength, it is essential that clinicians apply enough resistance to prevent further motion of the joint segment during testing (isometric joint action). This isometric testing procedure keeps the system in equilibrium and simplifies calculation for both muscle torque (TM) and muscle force (FM) variables. Where TA is the applied torque produced by the clinician when pushing down on the leg with a hand held dynamometer and TL is the torque due to the weight of the leg. Experimental Procedure: Participants mass is recorded in kilograms and converted to their weight in Newtons. Measure the participant's leg length in meters. Place the participant in a side-lying position on the plinth with shoulders and pelvis perpendicular