x $=1,$ y $=3,$ z $=52$ function foo $($a $,$ b $)$: $3$ x $=$ x $+$ b ; $4$ z $=$ x $+$ y ; $5$ a $=$ a $-$ z ; $6$ y $=$ a $-$ x $+$ b ; $1[16$pts$]$ For each of the cases below, write down the values of x$,$ y$,$ and z after the following calls to foo$().$ If necessary, assume that output arguments are copied back to parameters in the left$-$to$-$right order. $($a$)$ foo$($x$,$y$)$ where all parameters are passed by value. $($b$)$ foo$($x$,$z$)$ where all parameters are passed by reference. $($c$)$ foo$($y$,$z$)$ where all parameters are passed by value$-$result. $($d$)$ foo$($z$,$z$)$ where all parameters are passed by reference.