You are a security analyst at a mid$-$sized company that has recently transitioned to a remote work model. The company uses a variety of web applications for daily operations, including web servers, email clients, and databases. You've been tasked with assessing the security posture of these applications to identify potential vulnerabilities.

During your assessment, you discover a software vulnerability in one of the web applications that allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system.

What type of vulnerability have you MOST likely discovered?