You are managing a cross$-$functional team working on a critical product development project. Lately, you've observed several types of conflicts arising in the team. To address these effectively, you want to distinguish between task conflicts and other types of conflicts. Task conflicts specifically involve disagreements about how the work should be done, whereas other conflicts may stem from personal or relational issues.

Which of the following is an example of a task conflict?

James feels disrespected after being excluded from an important decision by his team leader, leading to a personal conflict within the team.

During a team meeting, Lucas and Sarah disagree over how to structure the final project report, leading to frustration between them about the best approach.

The CEO has decided to resign after clashing with the board members over the company's overall strategic direction and leadership style.

Emelia and Oscar argue about whether to allocate more resources to the marketing campaign or product development as part of their project's budget planning.

Casandra accuses her colleague, John, of frequently undermining her authority in front of clients, creating tension within their working relationship.