You are tasked with designing a support column for a new eco$-$friendly building project. The project aims to minimize material use while ensuring sfructural integrity. As part of your preliminary design considerations, you compare solid and hollow steel columns. Both columns have the same cross$-$sectional area and length, are made of the same steel material, and are pinned at both ends, which affects their buckling behaviour. The internal diameter of the hollow column is $\frac{3}{4}$ of its external diameter.

Calculate the critical buckling load

Calculate the ratio of the critical loads

Discuss the implications of your findings in the context of sustainable engineering practices