Question: ZnO is an optically transparent and electrically conductive material and is used in touchscreens and in light-emitting diodes. However, it has a high concentration of

ZnO is an optically transparent and electrically conductive material and is used in touchscreens and in light-emitting diodes. However, it has a high concentration of oxygen vacancies of 1.60610¹⁷ vacancies per mole of ZnO at room temperature (27 C). Calculate the formation energy of oxygen vacancies in ZnO?

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