Bonnie and Jake (ages 35 and 36, respectively) are married with no dependents and live in Montana (not a community property state). Because Jake has large medical expenses, they seek your advice about filing separately to save taxes. Their income and expenses for 2021 are as follows:

Determine whether Bonnie and Jake should file jointly or separately for 2021.

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Bonnie's salary Jake's salary Interest income (joint) Rental loss from actively managed rental property Jake's unreimbursed medical expenses All other itemized deductions:* Bonnie Jake *None subject to limitations $ 42,500 26,000 1,500 (23,000) 8,500 19,000 6,400