Eagle Life Insurance Company pays its employees $0.30 per mile for driving their personal automobiles to and from work. The company reimburses each employee who rides the bus $100 a month for the cost of a pass. Tom collected $100 for his automobile mileage, and Mason received $100 as reimbursement for the cost of a bus pass.

a. What are the effects of the above on Tom’s and Mason’s gross income?

b. Assume that Tom and Mason are in the 24% marginal tax bracket and the actual before-tax cost for Tom to drive to and from work is $0.30 per mile. What are Tom’s and Mason’s after-tax costs of commuting to and from work?