Elijah is employed as a full-time high school teacher. The school district where he works recently instituted a policy requiring all of its teachers to start working on a master’s degree. Pursuant to this new rule, Elijah spent most of the summer of 2016 taking graduate courses at an out-of-town university. His expenses are as follows:

In addition, Elijah drove his personal automobile 2,200 miles in connection with the education. He uses the automatic mileage method.

a. How much, if any, of these expenses might qualify as deductions for AGI?
b. How much, if any, of these expenses might qualify as deductions from AGI?