Vito is the sole shareholder of Vito, Inc. He is also employed by the corporation. On June 30, 2018, Vito borrow’ed $8,000 from Vito, Inc., and on July 1, 2019, he borrowed an additional $10,000. Both loans w’ere due on demand. No interest was charged on the loans, and the Federal rate wras 4% for all relevant dates. Vito used the money to purchase a boat, and he had $2,500 of investment income. Determine the tax consequences to Vito and Vito, Inc., in each of the following situations:
a. The loans are considered employer-employee loans.
b. The loans are considered corporation-shareholder loans.