(a) Compare and contrast Figures 2.1 and 2.2 in terms of the type of chance regularity pattern they exhibit.

(b) Explain intuitively why the descriptive statistics for the x0 data (Figure 2.1) based on x = 1n

nk

=1 xk and s2x

= 1n

nk

=1(xk − x)2 are unreliable as measures of location and central tendency.

(c) Explain intuitively why the values based on s2x

= 1n

nk

=1(xk − x)2 misleadingly inflate the true variation around the mean.

(d) Explain why the descriptive statistics in

(b) give rise to reliable measures when applied to the y0 data (Figure 2.2).