Question: In the previous question, you established a strong linear relationship between IQ and coffee consumption.However, since the design was not experimental, you are unable to

In the previous question, you established a strong linear relationship between IQ and coffee consumption.However, since the design was not experimental, you are unable to determine whether drinking coffee causes a corresponding change in IQ, or the equally likely possibility that clever people simply like to drink more coffee (e.g., because of a personality trait associated with high IQ).

How would you determine a causal relationship?

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