13.6 SOC Data on three variables have been collected for 15 nations. The variables are fertility rate (average number of children born to each woman), average education for females

(expressed as a percentage of average education for men), and maternal mortality (death rate for mothers per 100,000 live births). On female education, a value of 100 means that men and women have equal levels of education, values over 100 mean that women have more education, and values less than 100 mean that women have less education than men.

Nation Fertility Education of Females Maternal Mortality Niger 7.2 50 590 Cambodia 4.8 74 470 Guatemala 4.7 86 190 Ghana 4.0 46 210 Bolivia 3.7 60 390 Egypt 3.2 41 170 Dominican Republic 3.0 87 230 Mexico 2.7 96 55 Vietnam 2.5 59 130 Turkey 2.2 49 130 United States 2.1 102 8 China 1.8 60 55 Canada 1.7 102 7 Japan 1.4 98 8 Italy 1.2 99 7

a. Compute r and r 2 for each combination of variables.

b. Summarize these relationships in terms of strength and direction.