In Exercise 11 from Section 4-6, we referred to a process of manufacturing cell phones. We assumed that a batch consists of 500 cell phones and the overall rate of defective cell phones is 2%. We can conduct a simulation by generating 500 numbers, with each number between 1 and 100 inclusive. Because the defect rate is 2%, we can consider any outcome of 1 or 2 to be a defective cell phone, while outcomes of 3, 4, 5, . . . , 100 represent good cell phones. The mean number of defects in batches of 500 should be 10.

However, some batches will have exactly 10 defects, but some batches will have fewer than 10 defects, and other batches will have more than 10 defects.

a. Use a technology, such as Minitab, Excel, STATDISK, SPSS, SAS, or a TI-83 84 Plus calculator to simulate the manufacture of 500 cell phones. Record the number of defects in this simulated batch. [Hint:

It would be helpful to sort the results, so that the defects

(represented by outcomes of 1 or 2) can be easily identified.]

b. Repeat part

(a) 19 more times, so that a total of 20 simulated batches have been generated. List the number of defects in each of the 20 batches.

c. Using the results from part (b), estimate the probability that the number of defects in a batch is exactly