Large Sample: Testing for Randomness of Odd and Even Digits in Pi A New York Times article about the calculation of decimal places of p noted that “mathematicians are pretty sure that the digits of p are indistinguishable from any random sequence.”

724 Chapter 13 Nonparametric Statistics Given below are the first 100 decimal places of p. Test for randomness of odd (O)

and even (E) digits.

1 4 1 5 9 2 6 5 3 5 8 9 7 9 3 2 3 8 4 6 2 6 4 3 3 8 3 2 7 9 5 0 2 8 8 4 1 9 7 1 6 9 3 9 9 3 7 5 1 0 5 8 2 0 9 7 4 9 4 4 5 9 2 3 0 7 8 1 6 4 0 6 2 8 6 2 0 8 9 9 8 6 2 8 0 3 4 8 2 5 3 4 2 1 1 7 0 6 7 9