Prior to 2000, the U.S. Census did not allow people to choose more than one racial identity. Since 2000, people have been able to mark more than one box on the Census question about race. Since then, demographers have used Census data to study the multiracial population, as measured by people who mark more than one box on the Census race question. The 2010 Census showed that 2.9% of the entire U.S. population identified as multiracial. In a random sample of 350 people drawn from the western region of the United States, 4.5% identified as multiracial.

a. State the null and alternative hypotheses to test whether the multiracial population in the West is larger than the overall rate in the United States.

b. Explain whether the test for Part a would be a one- or two-tailed test.