The "Game of Life" developed by John Conway consists of live or dead squares on a grid. It is implemented by some simple rules, such as the following.  For a square that is alive or populated, - a cell with one or no neighbors dies due to loneliness - a cell with four or more neighbors dies due to overpopulation - a cell with two or three neighbors survives.  For a square that is dead or unpopulated, - a cell with three neighbors becomes populated. Several online implementations of this game are available. With the help of one of these implementations, answer the following questions. 

1. Is each rule reductionist or holistic? 

2. Run the game for some of the patterns. You may also create your own patterns. Identify some stable patterns that appear over time. 

3. Why are these patterns examples of emergent behavior? This simple game has led to many sophisticated tools for modeling complex systems by methods such as agent-based modeling.