When an organization decides to replace a legacy system, it usually chooses a contemporary database system over a relational file-based system. But each type of system has its own advantages and disadvantages. Identify whether each characteristic listed below generally belongs to a file based system or to a database system.

- High cost of development.

- Generally designed to be used with a single system or application.

- Greater data privacy concerns.

- Controlled redundancy

- Suboptimal performance for shared use by multiple systems.

- Tends to be slower.

- Data formats are flexible.

- Identifying data elements is relatively quick and straightforward.

- Designed to support current requirements.

- Higher training costs.

- Records are linked to rebated records.

- Rigorous design standards.

- Optimized single application processing speed.

- Tendency towards data redundancy.

- Increased vulnerability

- Data storage is built around the hub of the information system.

- "Silo" effect.

- Scalable