Suppose that, initially, the U.S. economy was in an aggregate demand-aggregate supply equilibrium at point A along the aggregate demand curve AD in the diagram on the top of the next column. Now, however, the value of the U.S. dollar has suddenly appreciated relative to foreign currencies. This appreciation happens to have no measurable effects on either the short-run or the long-run aggregate supply curve in the United States. It does, however, influence U.S. aggregate demand.

a. Explain in your own words how the dollar appreciation will affect U.S. net export expenditures.
b. Of the alternative aggregate demand curves depicted in the figure-AD1 versus AD2- which could represent the aggregate demand effect of the U.S. dollar's appreciation? What effects does the appreciation have on real GDP and the price level?
c. What policy action might the Federal Reserve take to prevent the dollar's appreciation from affecting equilibrium real GDP in the short run?

LRAS SRAS 121 118 AD 116 AD AD2 14.5 15.0 15.5 Real GDP per Year ($ trillions)